Source and coverage
The nationwide explorer covers all 50 states and DC for 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025. Complete state-year subsets of originated and denied applications are downloaded from the official FFIEC HMDA Data Browser, then filtered on the data server. Each file records its source URL, retrieval date, row count and SHA256. The explorer publishes descriptive state cohorts, not a national median calculated from state medians.
The homepage, state pages, map, rate tool, trends and lender comparison use this nationwide dataset. The older detailed lender profiles and loan-type reference pages retain their explicitly labeled 2024–2025 coverage in Delaware, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming. Use the new lender comparison for other states and earlier years.
County and metro tables show all eligible records in the selected state and year, independently of the type, purpose and amount filters above them. A metro spanning multiple states is limited to the selected state. Census geographic names are matched by code; historical county codes retain their historical names. Geographic boundaries can change between years.
A comparable population
Eligible records have action_taken 1 (originated) or 3 (denied); lien_status, occupancy_type and construction_method equal 1; total_units between 1 and 4; open-end_line_of_credit, reverse_mortgage and business_or_commercial_purpose equal 2; loan_purpose in 1, 31 or 32; and loan_type in 1, 2, 3 or 4. Each combination of year, type, purpose, amount band and conforming status is calculated independently.
Rates and spreads
Rate spread is APR minus the average prime offer rate for a comparable loan, measured in percentage points. Pricing uses originated loans with a nonmissing rate spread. Missing spread counts and shares are reported separately. Quantiles use linear interpolation, and the histogram has 20 intervals from -1 to +3 in 0.2-point steps, plus an underflow and overflow bucket. Interval upper bounds are exclusive. The nationwide explorer calculates each field from originated records with that field reported. Legacy detailed profiles restrict interest-rate quantiles to records with a reported rate spread as well. Their rate samples can therefore differ.
Denial rate and reasons
Denial rate is denied applications divided by originated plus denied applications. Withdrawals, incomplete files, approvals not accepted and purchased loans are excluded. Denial reasons are counted once per application, even if repeated across reason fields. An application may have several reasons, so shares can exceed 100 percent. Only reasons reported on at least 30 denied applications are displayed.
Costs and missing values
Points and credit shares use originations that report the corresponding field. Median points as a percent of loan amount use positive points and positive loan amounts. Cost ratios use reported costs and positive amounts. Numeric NA, Exempt, 1111 and blank values become null, not zero. Geographic identifiers remain strings; ratio and age buckets are preserved. The Data Browser's loan_to_value_ratio column is normalized to the combined-loan-to-value field used by this pipeline.
Publication thresholds
A data cell must have at least 30 eligible applications. Pricing needs at least 30 reported spreads, and every other quantitative field needs at least 30 observations. An unavailable field appears as not available. A CLTV or DTI bucket distribution is withheld in full if any nonempty bucket has fewer than 30 observations. Cells below the threshold are not exported. This threshold improves reliability; it is not a guarantee against inference from overlapping public aggregates.
Limits of comparison
Public loan and property amounts are interval midpoints, not exact balances. Public HMDA does not contain credit scores, and certain fields are bucketed or suppressed. Lender and geographic comparisons reflect borrower mix, products and timing. They do not establish causality, explain an individual decision, or identify the best lender for a person. No national spread comparison is published until a matching national dataset is loaded.
## Compare my rate
The tool matches state, origination year, loan type, purpose and the public loan amount band. It places an entered interest rate between the published 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile boundaries. It does not interpolate an exact borrower percentile. Ties and rounded boundaries can cover multiple percentiles. Annual interest-rate distributions combine loans from different dates. Credit scores, lock date, exact loan terms and all borrower characteristics are not controlled. Calculations run in the browser. Copied links include the inputs in the URL, so anyone with the link can see them.
Historical trends, maps and downloads
Trends recompute the same cohort for each year from 2022 through 2025. A missing or suppressed year is a gap, not zero, and is not joined across the gap on the chart. The state tile map shows all eligible loans in each state for the selected year, with color scaled to the selected metric. The map is a schematic, not a boundary map. CSV downloads contain the displayed cohort or comparison, its filters, reported field counts and source information. Older and newer cohorts should not be treated as the same borrowers.